Electrical distributors

Why choose an electrical distributor?

The distributor is a product that distributes power while complying with current safety standards. Electrical distributors are modular devices that adapt to contemporary technical constraints in the electrical field.

Selecting the appropriate distributor requires a preliminary analysis of several technical parameters. The nominal current, the number of branches and the cable cross-sections directly influence the choice. This methodical approach guarantees the performance and durability of the electrical installation.

What is an electrical distributor?

An electrical distributor is a connection device that distributes electricity from a main source. It is usually mounted on a standardised DIN rail, facilitating its integration into electrical cabinets. The distribution terminal block allows several conductors to be connected simultaneously to a common input terminal.

This technical solution greatly simplifies the wiring of complex electrical installations. Electricians appreciate this approach, which reduces on-site intervention times. The connection is made using screw terminals or automatic clamping systems, depending on the models available.

The modular distributor integrates seamlessly into the existing electrical panel environment. Its compact design optimises the use of available space in the electrical cabinet. Electrical equipment manufacturers (Schneider, Legrand, etc.) offer different connection capacities tailored to the specific needs of each project.

Electrical distribution becomes more organised and secure thanks to this specialised equipment. The risk of overheating is reduced compared to traditional cabling solutions. This technology contributes significantly to the overall reliability of any professional electrical installation.

Differences between a distributor and a power strip

The power strip and the electrical distributor fulfil distinct functions in an installation. The power strip connects several consecutive circuit breakers arranged in the same row horizontally. It carries the current from one device to the next in a sequential and linear manner.

The distributor distributes the current from a central point to several independent circuits. This star-shaped approach allows for better overall organisation of the electrical wiring. Modular distributors also offer more flexibility for future extensions to the installation.

The technical implementation also differs between these two complementary solutions. The power distribution comb requires compatible devices that are perfectly aligned on the DIN rail. The distribution terminal block accepts conductors of various cross-sections to various destinations.

Professionals choose one or the other solution depending on the specific configuration of the project. In some complex cases, they intelligently combine the two approaches to optimise the installation. This technical complementarity meets the most demanding requirements of the modern electrical sector.

Different types of distributors

To choose the electrical distributor that best suits your installation, several parameters must be taken into account:

• The rated current of the distributor
• The number of branches (including neutral phase branches). Ensure you have a reserve for possible future expansion by increasing the number of branches to be provided for your installation by 30%.
• You will need to take into account the nominal peak short-circuit current (Ipk defined in kA) and the short-circuit current rated for short duration (kA eff. 1s).
• You will also need to take into account the cross-sections of the cables arriving at the distributor.

There are two main types of electrical distributors, each with specific functions. Depending on the distribution model required, you will need to choose between a general distributor and a row distributor.

General distributors

General distributors include stepped distributors, modular distributors and vertical distributors.

Tiered distribution boards

Tiered distribution boards enable the general distribution of cables in the electrical cabinet. First and foremost, you will need to take into account the number of branches, the cable cross-sections and the constraints associated with short-circuit currents.

Modular distribution boards

Modular distribution boards have the advantage of being able to be integrated into any type of installation, regardless of the brand of cabinet or distribution board. For example, Legrand distribution boards can be easily integrated into a Schneider electrical cabinet and vice versa.

Modular distribution boards allow different elements to be flexibly combined according to requirements. Schneider Electric offers the Linergy BS, Linergy DX and Polybloc Distribloc ranges. Legrand markets modular busbar distributors for optimal integration. This modularity facilitates future upgrades to the installation without major modifications to the electrical panel.

Vertical distributors

Vertical distributors come in two forms: isolated vertical distributors and busbars.

Insulated vertical distribution boards

The insulated vertical distribution board is equipped with automatic terminals. It has a single section and a limited number of connections. The rating is also reduced to a few values. Leading manufacturers such as Schneider Electric and Legrand offer complete ranges of electrical distribution boards. Schneider develops the Acti 9 VDIS ranges, which are compatible with Resi 9 24 and PrismaSet cabinets. Legrand markets the Vx 3 range for xl3 125 to 400 cabinets. These isolated vertical solutions with automatic terminals optimise the space available in the electrical cabinet.

Row distributors

Row distributors include horizontal distributors and power combs.

Horizontal distributors

Horizontal distributors have an automatic connection. They are installed behind a rail inside the electrical panel. Once again, it is important to check the compatibility between the horizontal distributor of your choice and the electrical cabinet in which it will be installed. There are several types of distributors on the market. The maximum calibre and number of branches with maximum cross-sections will differ from one reference to another.

Row distributors effectively complement this technical offering with specialised horizontal solutions. Schneider markets the Linergy FM multiclip ranges up to 200A and the Polypact distributors. Legrand offers HX 3 automatic distributors and the Lexiclic range.

Distributors according to their function

Phase distributors

The phase distributor distributes the active conductors throughout the electrical installation. This equipment mainly manages the lighting, power socket and motor supply circuits. The four-pole distributor effectively combines the functions of phase and neutral conductor distribution.

These devices generally accept copper conductors of varying cross-sections depending on requirements. The main input connects to a reinforced terminal specially sized for this purpose. The secondary outputs use terminals with a capacity adapted to each specific circuit.

The single-pole distributor exclusively handles a single phase in simple single-phase installations. Its particularly compact design is ideal for small standard residential installations.

Earth distribution boards

The earth distribution board collects and distributes protective conductors throughout the installation. This fundamental safety feature effectively protects people from the risk of electrocution. The connection is made to terminals specially designed and certified for this critical application.

These devices generally use materials that are particularly resistant to corrosion and oxidation. Electrical continuity must be maintained at all times to ensure protection. Standards impose strict criteria regarding the mechanical and electrical resistance of these connections.

Earthing is a safety feature that professionals cannot overlook. The earth distributor greatly simplifies this function while ensuring its reliability. This modern technical approach significantly improves the overall safety of any electrical installation.

Your future electrical distributors at One-Elec

The Schneider Electric and Legrand products in stock at One-Elec cover all technical needs, from residential installations to industrial projects. These proven solutions guarantee performance, safety and regulatory compliance for all your electrical projects.

Choosing the right electrical distribution board for your installation allows you to make perfectly secure branch connections. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions; our technician will be happy to advise you.