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The basics of energy meters: How do they work?

13 Dec 2023
The basics of energy meters: How do they work?

As the first step towards controlling and managing energy consumption costs, energy meters form the basis of any energy assessment, regardless of the sector of activity. Measuring, analysing and optimising energy consumption requires the installation of increasingly efficient energy meters.

Why install an energy meter?

Energy meters are the ideal solution for measuring energy consumption on low and medium voltage electrical outlets. They are mainly installed in electrical distribution boards in the tertiary and industrial sectors, directly between the protective equipment and the load.

Installing an energy meter not only offers significant potential savings, but also reduces your energy footprint, which is a major issue in the fight against global warming.

Measuring allows you to identify the most energy-intensive equipment and therefore identify potential savings, for example by eliminating waste.

Monitoring all the energy parameters of an installation in real time allows you to react immediately in the event of a malfunction or abnormal consumption.

Recharge energy consumption accurately and without dispute with

Criteria for choosing an energy meter

Choosing the right energy meter means first and foremost accurately determining your needs and the type of installation.

  • Number of outputs to be measured: single or multiple outputs for multi-tariff
  • Network: single-phase or three-phase
  • Connection type: direct (integrated TI), external TI or Rogowski-type flexible torus
  • Rating: up to 125 A for Acti9 Energy Meters iEM3000, for example
  • Communication: M-bus, Modbus RTU, BACnet, etc.
  • Number and type of inputs and outputs: pulses, for example, to measure energy other than electricity, such as gas or water.
  • Compliance: IEC and/or MID in the case of rebilling

What are energy meters used for?

Single-phase (P+N) or three-phase (3P + N) energy meters are mainly installed in the tertiary and industrial sectors for sub-metering. Placed downstream of the main electricity meter, they measure consumption on each of the different lines or loads of an installation.

Whether you need a simple kWh meter for energy savings, a MID-certified meter for billing purposes, or a multifunction, multi-tariff energy meter for advanced energy management programmes, you will find the energy meter you need in the One-elec range.

Some examples of applications

Under the RE2020/RE2020 regulations, where metering of energy consumption by use is mandatory: heating, cooling (air conditioning), DHW production, lighting, power sockets, ventilation units and direct starts of more than 80A.

In all buildings for consumption control with minimal investment. Less expensive than a metering station, the energy meter is sufficient for installations up to 125 A.

MID-certified energy meters are used for billing purposes. They are mainly installed in shopping and exhibition centres, ports, campsites and some shared offices for cost allocation.

Energy meters are also ideal for measurement circuits associated with solar and wind energy production, from small domestic installations to large installations for wholesale renewable energy production.

Energy meters are becoming increasingly smart

More than just kWh meters, smart meters are now almost like mini measuring stations capable of reading V, U, I, P, Q, S, F, FP, ∑P, ∑Q and ∑S. Accurate and incorporating more and more communication modes, these new-generation meters are increasingly powerful:

  • Large graphic display
  • Resistant connectors
  • Bidirectional measurement
  • Simplified navigation

These meters therefore measure consumption and production data accurately and in real time. They generally communicate with an energy monitoring system to provide a more comprehensive view of energy use.

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